The source code can be found here.
The processor identification code is __init_cpu_features. It will fill a global variable called __cpu_features, which is a struct as follows (defined in init-arch.h):
struct
{
enum cpu_features_kind
{
arch_kind_unknown = 0,
arch_kind_intel,
arch_kind_amd,
arch_kind_other
} kind;
int max_cpuid;
struct cpuid_registers
{
unsigned int eax;
unsigned int ebx;
unsigned int ecx;
unsigned int edx;
} cpuid[COMMON_CPUID_INDEX_MAX];
unsigned int family;
unsigned int model;
unsigned int feature[FEATURE_INDEX_MAX];
}